Monday 26 October 2009

History of Deodorant

Body Odur has also been around and so have attempts to disquise it...

The early Egyptians recommended having a scented bath with an underarm application of perfumed oils. They developed special citrus and cinnamon preparations that would not turn rancid in the heat and render them offensive.

Through experimentation, they discovered that the removal of underarm hair diminished body odour.

Both the Greeks and Romans derived their deodorants from Egyptian formulas. Through history, aside from regular washing, the only effective deodorant was perfume.

The link between sweat and odour was to be more understood in the 19th century. Scientists learnt that two glands produce human sweat. The first, apocrine, exist over the entire body at birth, giving babies their distinctive scent.

http://www.nzgirl.co.nz/articles/1079


Basic History

Products to control body odor and wetness have been used for centuries. Before bathing became commonplace, people used heavy colognes to mask body odor. In the late nineteenth century, chemists developed products that were able to prevent the formation of these odors. Early antiperspirants were pastes that were applied to the underarm area; the first such product to be trademarked in the United States was Mum in 1888. It was a waxy cream that was difficult to apply and extremely messy. A few years later, Everdry, the first antiperspirant to use aluminum chloride was developed. Within 15 years, a variety of products were marketed in a number of different forms including creams, solids, pads, dabbers, roll-ons, and powders.

In the late 1950s, manufacturers began using aerosol technology to dispense personal care products such as perfumes and shaving creams. In the early 1960s, Gillette introduced Right Guard, the first aerosol antiperspirant. Aerosols became a popular way to dispense antiperspirants because they allowed the user to apply without having to touch the underarm area. By 1967, half the antiperspirants sold in the United States were in aerosol form, and by the early 1970s, they accounted for 82% of all sales.



Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Antiperspirant-Deodorant-Stick.html#ixzz0V2UvhZUo



Safety Implications

Later that decade two technical issues arose which greatly impacted the popularity of these products. First, in 1977, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the primary active ingredient used in aerosols, aluminum zirconium complexes,

Due to concerns about long term inhalation safety. (This ingredient remains safe for use in stick form.) Next, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strictly limited the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants used in aerosols due to growing concerns that these gases may contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. CFCs were preferred as propellants for antiperspirants because they gave a soft dry spray. Although the industry reformulated their products to be safe and efficacious, it was too late. Consumers had lost confidence in aerosol antiperspirants. By 1977, sales of the reformulated versions dropped to only 50% of the market, and by 1982, they dipped below 32%. While some brands still offer antiperspirants in aerosol form, today these account for a very small percentage of the total market.

As the popularity of aerosols waned, antiperspirants in stick form became increasingly popular. In 1974, sticks held only about 4% of the market and they were considered to be wet and aesthetically unpleasing. Such products were generally associated with deodorants for men. Because of breakthroughs in ingredient technology that allowed for drier, more efficacious products, sticks gained acceptance between 1974-1978. Consumers embraced sticks as an alternative to aerosols and their market share swelled to over 35% by the mid 1980s. Today, sticks are the single most popular antiperspirant form.


Safety testing guidelines are recommended by the Cosmetics, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA), the primary trade organization for the cosmetic industry. While these guidelines are not absolute rules, they do give manufacturers an indication of the minimal level of testing that should be done to ensure their products are safe. These tests include evaluation of the irritation potential (for skin and eyes), contact sensitization (where contact with the product can result in a chemical delayed reaction), photodermatitis (where light interacts with the product to cause a reaction), as well as toxicity (both ingested and inhaled.)

Deodorant Vs Antiperspirant

Deodorant and antiperspirant - the difference

There is a difference between the two, although many products combine the features, which just means additional ingredients. Antiperspirants reduce or eliminate sweating while deodorants mask or mitigate odors generated when we sweat.
Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Antiperspirant-Deodorant-Stick.html#ixzz0V2VY0GTY

1 comment:

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